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UNIVERSITY   OF   ILLINOIS 


REPORT  OF 
SPECIAL  SENATE  COMMITTEE 


AUTHORIZED  FEBRUARY  6,  1911,  "TO  MAKE  A  THORO  INVESTI- 
TON  OF  THE  .  .  .  ORGANIZATION  AND  EFFICIENCY  OF  THE 
VERSITY,  WITH  A  VIEW  TO  DRAFTING  ULTIMATELY  A  CONSTI- 
ION  FOR  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF  ILLINOIS" 


Presented  to  the  University  Senate  June  7,  1915 
and  ordered  to  be  printed 


Published  by  the  University 
Urbana 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

:tace    

7 

;torical   statement   

ter   of   transmittal... 

23 

aposed   Constitution   

The  University  and  the  Government  of  the  State 2- 

The  Board  of  Trustees ,6 

Officers   of   the    Board g 

The  President  of  the  University 2-, 

The  Vice-President  2g 

The   Deans   of   undergraduates 2g 

I  The  Registrar  o 

The    Senate   2g 

The    Council    

The  Committee  on  Estimate  and  Apportionment 30 

The  Graduate  School -0 

The  College  -x 

The  Dean  

The   School  „ 

The  Director  of  a   School 3, 

jThe    Department    .,, 

The  Academic  and  Administrative  staffs 35 

Method    of    appointments ,e 

Academic  appointments  ,g 

Tenure  ~g 

Academic    freedom ^g 

Administrative  appointments  -,g 

Duties  of  the  Academic  and  Administrative   staffs 37 

Vacations    ~ 

Leave  of  absence -,~ 

Pensions    ^g 

The  Summer  Session ^g 

University  Extension   ^q 

Library    ^q 

Experiment  Stations  40 

Scientific  and  public  service  bureaus 40 

Athletics  and  hygiene  4I 

Military  Science  4I 

Amendments    4I 

)osed  Statutes  42 

The   Treasurer   42 

The  Secretary  42 

Appointments  other  than  of  professors  and  associate  professors 43 

•mmendations   as  to   procedure 44 


PREFACE 

Thirty-seven  years  ago  on  the  first  day  of  next  January  I  began  to 
teach  under  the  direction  of  a  non-expert  board  of  education,  subject 
to  the  orders  of  a  superintendent  of  schools  elected  by  the  board. 

I  did  not  know  much  about  teaching  myself,  but  I  felt  that  I  knew 
more  than  the  members  of  the  board  of  education  and  in  some  respects 
than  the  superintendent  himself;  and  on  more  than  one  occasion  I  was 
quite  sure  that  my  opinion  should  have  been  followed  rather  than  theirs. 
They  thought  otherwise,  and  conflicts  naturally  arose. 

My  attention  was  thus  strongly  directed  to  the  question  of  the  best 
organization  of  our  educational  work,  so  as  to  combine  to  the  highest 
degree  the  advantages  of  expert  knowledge,  administrative  skill,  and 
popular  control  and  representation. 

When  I  went  as  professor  to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1883,  I  came  for  the  first  time  under  the  control  of  a  self-constituting 
board  of  trustees,  acting  through  a  president  of  the  university  chosen 
by  the  board.  The  sharp  differences  of  opinion  which  were  continually 
arising  between  members  of  the  faculty  and  the  general  university 
administration  again  increased  my  interest  in  problems  of  educational 
administration. 

Since  that  time  I  have  made  six  trips  to  Europe  for  purposes  of 
study,  and  each  time  I  have  given  considerable  attention  to  this  problem 
of  university  administration,  especially  in  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
Germany. 

I  became  quite  convinced  that  no  one  of  these  countries  had  a  sys- 
tem which  we  could  afford  to  imitate  to  any  considerable  extent,  nor  had 
any  one  of  them  a  system  based  upon  careful  thought  and  consideration 
in  the  light  of  the  conditions  of  modern  society.  Each  system  was 
simply  an  historical  product  and  full  of  survivals  of  useless  or  injurious 

members. 

As  a  result  of  my  own  experience  as  university  president  from 
1902-1911,  first  at  Northwestern  and  then  at  Illinois,  it  became  clear  to 
me  that  our  present  university  organization  is  not  a  satisfactory  one 
either  from  the  standpoint  of  effective  popular  control  within  the  limits 

7 


8  PREFACE 

of  sound  administration,  or  from  the  standpoint  of  the  expert  scientific 
knowledge  represented  by  the  faculties  of  the  university.  I  decided  to 
try  to  make  some  contribution  to  this  vexed  problem. 

A  careful  study  of  the  situation  seemed  to  me  to  indicate  that  the 
first  important  step  in  the  solution  of  the  problem  was  to  get,  if  possible, 
the  actual  members  of  the  faculty  to  give  such  detailed  and  careful  con- 
sideration to  the  question  that  they  would  really  be  in  a  position  to 
bring  to  bear  on  the  problem  all  the  results  of  their  knowledge  and 
experience  in  scientific  and  administrative  work. 

I  therefore  asked  the  University  Senate,  a  board  consisting  of  all 
full  professors  in  the  University,  to  appoint  a  committee  to  consider  the 
whole  question  of  economy  and  efficiency  in  the  working  of  the  Univer- 
sity with  the  ultimate  view  of  drafting  a  comprehensive  constitution  for 
the  institution. 

The  Senate  approved  the  request,  but  asked  me  to  select  the 
committee. 

This  committee  has  pursued  its  work  most  diligently  and  most 
patiently  for  four  full  years,  and  its  results  are  herewith  presented  for 
the  consideration  of  the  University. 

No  member  of  the  Senate  outside  of  the  committee  has  seen  this 
report  in  advance  of  its  submission  to  the  Senate. 

As  I  write  these  lines  I  have  no  idea  what  it  contains,  having  talked 
with  no  member  of  the  committee,  nor  seen  any  draft  or  suggestion  of 
its  contents. 

The  report  may  be  very  radical  or  it  may  be  very  conservative. 
Whatever  it  may  be,  I  am  sure  it  represents  the  results  of  careful,  long 
considered,  thoughtful  deliberation  of  as  able  a  committee  as  ever  con- 
sidered this  sort  of  question  in  this  or  any  other  institution.  I  believe 
the  contents  of  the  report  will  interest  thoughtful  men  not  only  in  this 
University  but  in  other  universities  as  well,  in  this  and  other  countries, 
for  no  country  so  far  as  I  know  is  at  present  satisfied  with  the  organiza- 
tion and  government  of  its  university  system. 

The  committee  consisted  in  the  first  place  of  fifteen  members, 
reduced  to  ten  by  death  and  removal.  The  members  of  the  committee 
studied  as  undergraduates  or  graduates  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time  in 
the  following  institutions : 

Penn  College 

University  of  Michigan 

Cornell  University 

Victoria  University  of  Manchester,  England 

University  of  Leipsic 

University  of  Tubingen 


PREFACE  9 

Johns  Hopkins  University 

Harvard  University 

University  of  Minnesota 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 

University  of  Edinburgh 

Michigan  Agricultural  College 

Hanover  College 

University  of  Munich 

University  of  Gottingen 

Ohio  State  University 

University  of  Illinois 

Williams  College 

University  of  Freiburg 

Northwestern  University 

It  will  be  seen  that  a  wide  range  of  College  and  university  experi- 
ence was  represented  in  the  make-up  of  the  committee. 

The  committee  contained  two  assistant  professors  and  one  associate 
professor  as  well  as  professors  in  order  to  secure  the  viewpoint  of  the 
younger  members  of  the  faculty. 

A  copy  of  this  report  will  be  sent  to  each  member  of  the  University 
staff. 

We  ask  for  the  report  the  most  careful  consideration  and  the  most 
searching  criticism  on  the  part  of  every  member  of  the  faculty. 

The  Senate  will  of  course  determine  for  itself  the  method  of  consid- 
eration and  discussion,  but  aside  from  whatever  else  may  be  done,  the 
Senate  will  doubtless  be  glad  to  receive  and  place  among  its  records  any 
criticisms  or  suggestions  which  may  be  presented  in  writing  by  any 
member  of  the  instructional  or  administrative  staff  of  the  institution. 

EDMUND  J.  JAMES 
October  first,  1915 


HISTORICAL  STATEMENT 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Senate  of  the  University  of  Illinois  held 
February  6,  1911,  President  Edmund  J.  James  introduced  a  proposal 
to  appoint  a  committee  on  the  organization  of  the  University.  The 
official  record  transcribed  from  the  minutes  reads  as  follows: 

The  President  suggested  that,  in  view  of  the  numerous  criticisms  of  college 
administration  which  have  appeared  in  the  last  few  years  in  the  public  press,  and 
in  view  of  several  questions  which  have  been  raised  from  time  to  time  in  regard 
to  the  efficiency  of  our  own  organization,  the  time  is  ripe  for  a  full  consideration 
by  the  Senate  of  the  subject  of  the  organization  and  efficiency  of  the  University. 

This  suggestion  was  received  with  applause,  and  the  President  was  authorized 
to  appoint  a  committee  representing  the  several  colleges  and  schools  to  make  a 
thorough  investigation  of  the  general  question  of  the  organization  and  efficiency 
of  the  University,  with  a  view  to  drafting  ultimately  a  constitution  for  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 

In  conformity  with  the  action  of  the  Senate  on  that  occasion  the 
following  members  of  the  university  faculty  were  appointed  as  members 
of  this  committee : 

Professor  Henry  Baldwin  Ward,  Chairman 
Professor  Arthur  Newell  Talbot 
Professor  Herbert  Windsor  Mumford 
Professor  James  Harvey  Pettit 
Professor  Henry  Lewis  Rietz 
Professor  Frederick  Green 
Professor  Ernest  Ritson  Dewsnup 
Professor  Julius  Goebel 
Director  Charles  Henry  Mills 
Director  Phineas  Lawrence  Windsor 
Professor  Boyd  Henry  Bode 
Professor  William  Abbott  Old  father 
Professor  Frederick  Maynard  Mann 
Professor  Edward  Sampson  Thurston 
Registrar  Charles  Maxwell  McConn,  Secretary 

11 


12  HISTORICAL   STATEMENT 

During  its  service  the  Committee  has  suffered  the  loss  of  a  number 
of  members.  Professor  Green  was  compelled  to  resign  on  account  of 
ill  health,  December  2,  1911.  Professor  Thurston  left  the  University  at 
the  close  of  the  academic  year  1910-11,  Professor  Mann  at  the  close  of 
1912-13,  and  Director  Mills  at  the  close  of  1913-14.  Professor  Pettit  was 
on  leave  of  absence  during  the  year  1914-15  and  died  December  30,  1914. 
The  other  members  of  the  Committee  served  continuously  throughout 
the  work.  Mr.  McConn,  who  was  asked  by  President  James  to  serve  as 
secretary,  was  later  made  a  regular  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
request  of  the  entire  membership.  All  these  remaining  members  have 
joined  in  signing  the  letter  (p.  23)  by  which  the  draft  of  the  document 
is  transmitted  to  the  Senate  herewith. 

During  the  period  of  its  existence,  approximately  four  years,  the 
Committee  has  held  80  formal  meetings.  At  first  it  came  together  twice 
a  month;  during  the  latter  half  of  its  work  meetings  were  held  nearly 
every  Monday  night.  At  the  same  time  the  members  were  in  service  on 
various  sub-committees  and  otherwise  contributed  time  and  energy  to 
the  investigation  and  discussion  of  the  problems  and  to  the  formulation 
of  the  report.  There  has  thus  been  an  earnest  effort  to  go  into  the 
question  with  the  utmost  thoroness  and  to  secure  a  comprehensive,  well- 
balanced,  and  efficient  plan  of  organization  for  the  institution. 

The  work  of  the  Committee  has  attracted  attention  outside  of  our 
own  circle.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  a  brief  announcement  of  its  appoint- 
ment and  purpose  is  to  be  found  in  Science,  March  24,  1911,  page  450. 
Since  this  record  emanated  from  the  University  and  was  published  at 
the  time  of  the  Committee's  appointment,  it  may  well  be  quoted  here 
in  order  to  show  definitely  the  idea  that  was  in  mind  at  the  time.  It 
also  gives  a  report  of  the  first  meeting  which  the  Committee  held. 

The  University  of  Illinois  Movement  for  a  University  Constitution 
The  first  step  toward  carrying  out  the  plan  devised  by  President  James   of 
forming  a  constitution  for  the  University  of  Illinois  was  taken  on  Monday  evening, 
March  13,  ion. 

President  James  on  that  evening  met  with  a  committee  of  the  senate  consist- 
ing of  fifteen  members  of  the  faculty  and  outlined  to  them  what  he  conceived  to 
be  the  situation,  the  underlying  problems  and  the  possibilities.  After  speaking  of 
the  organization  of  foreign  universities,  including  those  of  England  and  Prussia, 
President  James  called  the  committee's  attention  to  the  changing  and  shifting 
conditions  in  the  universities  of  the  United  States  and  particularly  in  the  states 
immediately  surrounding  Illinois. 

In  Iowa  a  new  method  of  administration  of  the  State  University  and  other 
state  schools  was  entered  upon  this  last  year.  The  boards  of  regents  were  abol- 
ished and  the  three  state  institutions  are  being  governed  by  one  board  of  education, 
the  members  of  which  are  appointed  by  the  governor.     In  Kansas  a  similar  law 


HISTORICAL    STATEMENT  13 

has  just  been  passed  and  awaits  only  the  signature  of   the  governor   to  make   it 
effective. 

If  such  radical  changes  are  to  be  made  it  would  seem  wiser  that  they  should 
come  upon  the  initiative  of  the  universities  themselves  rather  than  from  politicians. 
At  any  rate  it  should  be  done  only  after  a  careful  study  of  the  whole  situation. 

This  senate  committee  at  the  University  of  Illinois  is  entering  therefore  upon 
an  auspicious  work.  It  is  expected  that  it  will  be  engaged  at  least  one  year  before 
a  report  will  be  prepared. 

The  members  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  university  are  much  interested 
in  this  undertaking  for  they  realize  the  need  of  a  definition  of  their  duties  and 
powers  and  they  will  be  only  too  glad  to  have  a  statement  made  of  the  relations 
of  the  board  to  the  state  government,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  relations  of  the 
board  to  the  university,  on  the  other  hand. 

Four  leading  members  of  the  board — President  William  L.  Abbott,  Mr.  Fred 
L.  Hatch,  for  fifteen  years  a  member  of  the  board,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  B'usey,  and  Mrs. 
Laura  B.  Evans — were  present  at  this  initial  meeting  and  gave  it  their  hearty 
approval. 

The  fifteen  members  of  the  senate  committee  that  is  to  carry  on  this  impor- 
tant work  during  the  coming  year  represent  (either  as  graduates  or  as  former 
instructors)  some  eighteen  leading  universities,  three  law  schools,  three  technical 
schools,  two  colleges,  all  in  the  United  States  and  five  foreign  universities  and 
technical  colleges. 

During  the  remaining  meetings  of  the  spring,  an  effort  was  made 
to  discuss  carefully  and  extensively  the  scope  of  the  problem  that  pre- 
sented itself  and  the  best  methods  of  attack.  The  general  plan  of  work 
agreed  upon  involved  the  appointment  of  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
committees, to  which  were  referred  questions  for  investigation,  with  the 
express  understanding  that  such  sub-committees  were  to  collect  and 
digest  the  information  available  on  the  question  at  issue  and  to  suggest 
alternative  lines  of  procedure,  rather  than  to  formulate  conclusions.  In 
this  way  a  mass  of  prepared  material  was  laid  before  the  Committee 
in  a  brief  time,  placing  it  in  possession  of  the  experience  of  other  insti- 
tutions at  home  and  abroad.  These  sub-committees  were  furthermore 
appointed  for  specific  purposes  and  discharged  upon  the  completion  of 
their  reports,  so  that  the  members  of  the  general  committee  served  in 
succession  on  many  such  subordinate  bodies  and  investigated  numerous 
problems  in  the  course  of  this  preliminary  survey.  By  virtue  of  the 
extent  and  variety  of  their  service,  members  of  the  Committee  thus 
became  familiar  with  the  ground  work  of  the  problem,  especially  since 
all  reports  were  distributed  in  the  form  of  typewritten  abstracts.  The 
extent  and  character  of  this  work  will  be  best  illustrated  by  the  citation 
of  the  topics  assigned  to  various  sub-committees  during  this  preliminary 
study : 


14  HISTORICAL    STATEMENT 

Scope  of  the  Work  of  the  Committee 
Functions  of  the  State  University 

Defects  in  the  Present  Organization  of  This  University 
The  University  of  Illinois 
State  Universities  in  the  United  States 
Privately  Endowed  Universities  in  the  United  States 
English  Universities 
German  Universities 
French  Universities 
Italian  Universities 

The  reports  of  these  sub-committees  not  only  were  useful  at  the 
start  in  laying  a  foundation  for  the  work  of  the  general  committee,  but 
also  were  utilized  frequently  during  the  progress  of  the  work  in  testing 
the  results  reached  and  in  formulating  the  conclusions  in  definite  phrase- 
ology. This  work  did  not  stop  with  the  close  of  the  university  year  in 
June.  Sub-committees  carried  on  their  investigations  during  the  sum- 
mer and  prepared  material  for  the  consideration  of  the  Committee  when 
it  reconvened  in  the  fall.  The  subjects  discussed  by  sub-committees 
during  the  summer  vacation  served  to  correlate  and  bring  together 
previous  reports,  as  can  be  seen  from  the  appended  list  of  topics: 

Powers  and  Relations  to  Each  Other  of  the  Officers  and  Governing 

Bodies  of  the  University 
Interrelationship  of  Colleges  and  Schools 

The  Organization  and  Administration  of  the  Graduate  School 
Administration  of  University.  College,  and  Departmental  Finances 
Status  of  Officers  of  Instruction 
The  Relation  of  the  University  to  the  State  Government  and  to  the 

Public 
The  Relation  of  Students  to  the  University  and  to  the  Colleges, 

Schools,  and  Departments 
Function  of  the  University 

This  method  of  sifting  and  preparing  material  by  sub-committees 
was  followed  throughout  the  entire  period  and  enabled  the  Committee  to 
accomplish  more  than  would  have  been  possible  otherwise.  At  the  same 
time  it  added  greatly  to  the  burden  of  individual  members,  which  all  in 
all  constituted  no  insignificant  addition  to  their  regular  work  in  the 
University.  Those  sub-committees  that  were  appointed  late  in  the  work 
had  less  to  do  with  collecting  information  and  more  with  the  study  of 
details  and  the  proper  correlation  of  various  parts  of  the  document. 

When  in  the  fall  the  Committee  resumed  the  study  of  the  problem, 
a  proposal  was  made  that  certain  university  officials  of  experience  in 
the  field  of  educational  administration  and  organization  should  be  in- 


HISTORICAL   STATEMENT  15 

vited  to  visit  Urbana  and  present  a  formal  consideration  of  some  prob- 
lem in  university  administration  before  the  Senate  and  faculty,  as  well 
as  discuss  individual  items  with  the  Committee.  This  plan  was  carried 
out,  and  the  following  persons  appeared  at  various  times: 

On  January  20,  1912,  the  University  had  the  opportunity  of  hearing 
Professor  J.  McKeen  Cattell  of  Columbia  University  on  the  subject 
"University  Administration".  Professor  Cattell  spoke  in  the  afternoon 
before  the  University  Senate  and  faculty.  The  Committee  devoted  the 
evening  to  an  informal  but  intensive  discussion  with  Professor  Cattell  of 
topics  formulated  by  a  sub-committee  after  the  address  of  the  afternoon. 
It  will  serve  to  indicate  the  methods  followed  and  the  care  exercised  in 
these  discussions  if  the  outline  which  was  prepared  for  the  discussion 
with  Professor  Cattell  is  cited  here. 

1.  How  is  the  budget  to  be  determined? 

(a)  What  are  to  be  the  relations  of  university,  college,  and  department, 
with  respect  to  the  budget?  Should  appropriations  be  in  lump  sums 
to  departments,  or  should  they  be  for  specific  purposes? 

(b)  How  should  salaries  and  appointments  be  determined? 

2.  Department 

(a)  What  should  constitute  a  department? 

(b)  How  should  it  be  administered? 

3.  Trustees 

Are  the  faculty  and  the  alumni  to  be  represented  on  the  board  of  trustees, 
and,  if  so,  with  votes,  or  simply  in  an  advisory  capacity? 

4.  President  and  Deans 

(a)  Is  it  not  necessary,  to  eliminate  distractions  or  for  economy  of  time, 
to  have  officers  with  large  powers? 

(b)  Can  these  officers  be  made  responsible  to  the  faculty  without  inter- 
fering  seriously   with   their   usefulness? 

On  February  24,  Professor  Caspar  Rene  Gregory  of  the  University 
of  Leipsic  met  with  the  Committee  and  discussed  the  organization  of 
that  institution,  especially  its  method  of  formulating  the  budget  and 
providing  for  the  financial  needs  of  the  institution  and  its  various 
departments. 

On  April  22,  Dr.  Herman  Cary  Bumpus,  Business  Manager  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  addressed  the  University  Senate  and  faculty 
on  ' '  Some  Methods  that  have  been  Tried  in  University  Business  Organi- 


16  HISTORICAL   STATEMENT 

zation".  The  evening  was  devoted  to  a  discussion  with  the  Committee 
of  the  material  presented  in  the  address  of  the  afternoon. 

On  May  1,  the  Committee  had  the  opportunity  of  a  conference  with 
Professor  C.  H.  Johnston,  then  Dean  of  the  College  of  Education  of  the 
University  of  Kansas,  and  a  member  of  a  committee  at  that  institution 
charged  with  the  similar  duty  of  preparing  for  it  a  university  consti- 
tution. The  particular  question  which  was  taken  up  at  this  session  was 
the  proper  organization  of  the  Senate  and  the  Council.  On  this  subject 
Dean  Johnston  had  carried  on  an  extended  correspondence  with  various 
university  presidents  and  others  interested  in  university  organization, 
and  was  able  to  present  and  comment  upon  the  experience  gained  at 
institutions  of  various  types  in  the  organization  and  administration  of 
such  bodies. 

On  May  27,  the  University  Senate  was  addressed  by  Professor 
T.  C.  Chamberlin  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  formerly  President  of 
the  University  of  Wisconsin,  on  the  topic,  "What  Type  of  University 
and  What  Mode  of  Administration  is  Best  Calculated  to  Afford  Members 
of  the  Faculty  the  Maximum  Opportunity  for  the  Promotion  of  Re- 
search?" As  on  other  occasions,  the  Committee  devoted  the  evening  to 
the  further  discussion  of  this  subject  with  the  speaker  of  the  afternoon. 

On  March  3,  1913,  the  Committee  had  a  second  opportunity  to 
discuss  its  problems  with  Dean  Johnston  of  the  University  of  Kansas. 
On  this  occasion  he  presented  the  completed  draft  of  the  document 
adopted  by  the  committee  of  that  institution  and  submitted  to  the 
faculty  for  further  consideration  and  action.  The  character  of  the 
finished  document  and  certain  of  its  provisions  were  discussed  in  detail. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Committee  in  the  fall  of  1912  there  was 
presented  in  brief  form  an  outline  of  the  topics  which  deserved  consid- 
eration in  the  University  constitution,  and  the  Committee  began  its 
constructive  work,  first  discussing  and  considering  the  outline  item  by 
item,  and  later  determining  the  form  of  individual  paragraphs  in  the 
constitution.  By  the  close  of  the  year  substantial  progress  had  been 
made. 

The  Committee  is  deeply  indebted  to  Messrs.  Windsor,  Oldfather, 
and  Mumford,  who  as  a  drafting  committee  during  the  summer  of  1913 
devoted  a  large  amount  of  time  and  energy  to  the  compilation,  from  the 
uncorrelated  sections  that  had  been  accumulated  during  the  previous 
months  of  work,  of  a  document  which  in  printed  form  became  the  topic 
for  the  subsequent  discussion  of  the  Committee.  Their  work  more  than 
any  other  factor  determined  the  form  of  the  present  document,  and 
their  skill  in  arrangement  and  adjustment  saved  the  Committee  much 
work   and   time.     Many   of   the   points   which   they  investigated   were 


HISTORICAL   STATEMENT  17 

determined  then  once  for  all,  and  the  general  arrangement  which  they 
suggested  underwent  little  change  in  all  subsequent  discussions. 

It  would  be  wrong,  however,  if  this  statement  were  to  be  under- 
stood as  indicating  that  the  general  committee  has  done  little  or  no 
work  since  that  time.  The  precise  phraseology  of  every  paragraph  has 
been  subjected  to  rigorous  analysis.  Even  the  placing  of  words  has 
demanded  and  received  extended  consideration.  Moreover,  the  Com- 
mittee has  endeavored  to  take  into  consideration  the  legal  aspect  of 
various  questions  and  to  ascertain  how  far  its  proposals  appeared  in- 
advisable and  unacceptable  because  of  existing  statutes  and  approved 
practises  recognized  legally  in  this  State.  With  this  end  in  view  the 
Committee  secured  the  assistance  of  Professor  John  Norton  Pomeroy 
of  the  College  of  Law.  Professor  Pomeroy  devoted  considerable  time 
to  the  examination  of  the  proposed  constitution  from  the  legal  stand- 
point, and  prepared  for  the  Committee  an  exhaustive  report  discussing 
questions  that  might  be  raised  by  various  proposals.  For  the  painstak- 
ing work  done  in  this  connection  the  Committee  feels  under  great 
obligations  to  Professor  Pomeroy.  It  is  fair  to  state  that  he  was  asked 
and  consented  to  act  merely  as  a  legal  adviser  of  the  Committee  and 
approached  the  document  from  the  formal  side  only.  He  expressed  a 
distinct  desire  to  be  excused  from  any  consideration  of  the  content,  and 
the  Committee  absolved  him  from  committing  himself  in  any  way  on 
the  desirability  or  undesirability  of  the  provisions  which  had  been  for- 
mulated. He  sought  merely  to  test  the  phraseology  of  the  document 
with  reference  to  the  possibility  of  its  attack  by  virtue  of  the  form 
rather  than  the  content,  and  made  many  valuable  suggestions  that  were 
utilized  by  the  Committee  in  modifying  the  text  to  secure  in  more 
definite  and  unmistakable  terms  the  objects  which  were  in  mind.  After 
his  report  had  been  studied  by  the  members  of  the  Committee,  he  met 
with  them  and  discussed  orally  the  questions  raised,  and  all  further 
suggestions  made  in  connection  with  each  by  the  various  members.  In 
the  light  of  this  discussion  the  Committee  took  the  whole  matter  again 
under  advisement  and  ultimately  formulated  the  various  paragraphs 
in  a  Avay  for  which  its  members  are  alone  responsible. 

Nearly  everyone  engaged  in  university  work  has  certain  distinct 
ideas  which  seem  to  him  well  calculated  to  readjust  the  present  univer- 
sity system  so  that  the  machinery  will  work  more  efficiently  and  the 
results  attained  be  correspondingly  greater.  One  must  frankly  confess 
at  the  outset  that  our  universities  as  at  present  organized  have  for  the 
most  part  simply  grown  up.  Their  roots  are  imbedded  deep  in  the 
past.  Their  methods  started  when  the  New  England  college  began  its 
work,  and  those  methods  have  been  expanded  by  irregular  growth,  by 
the  grafting  on  of  foreign  elements,   and  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 


18  HISTORICAL   STATEMENT 

worst  anachronisms  by  the  effort  to  accommodate  the  old  system  to  new 
conditions  with  the  least  possible  disturbance.  Perhaps  one  should  also 
indicate  that  especially  in  recent  times  there  has  been  a  distinct  effort 
to  incorporate  into  the  management  of  educational  institutions  those 
features  that  have  been  evolved  and  employed  in  the  attainment  of 
modern  industrial  efficiency.  It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that  the  uni- 
versity organism  is  very  unequally  developed  in  different  parts.  Some 
of  its  organs  are  highly  specialized  and  adapted  to  the  particular  line 
of  work  which  concerns  that  individual  department  or  phase  of  the 
institution.  Often  this  adaptation  has  been  reached  without  coincident 
consideration  of  the  other  parts  and  has  involved  a  cumbersome  adjust- 
ment of  other  phases  to  the  complex  development  of  the  newly  organized 
section.  Further  the  individual  is  nearly  always  most  clearly  cognizant 
of  the  needs  in  his  own  particular  line  and  inclined  to  underestimate 
the  seriousness  of  difficulties  in  other  work  than  his  own. 

The  Committee  has  been  favored  with  a  large  number  of  helpful 
suggestions  from  colleagues  on  the  faculty.  These  have  all  been  sub- 
jected to  careful  consideration  in  the  discussion  of  the  question  and  the 
formulation  of  the  document  presented.  Every  member  of  a  sub-com- 
mittee has  found  that  the  work  of  that  sub-committee  led  to  the  formu- 
lation of  new  methods  of  procedure  or  of  proposed  readjustments  of 
old  methods  which  seemed  to  him  at  the  time  to  be  indispensable  to  the 
efficient  organization  of  a  modern  university. 

Not  all  of  the  suggestions  from  either  of  these  sources  are  incorpo- 
rated in  the  finished  document.  The  sub-committee  member  who  labored 
long  and  earnestly  to  convince  his  colleagues  of  the  desirability  of  some 
proposition  could  not  help  feeling  ■  distinctly  disappointed  when  the 
measure  failed  to  receive  the  approval  of  the  Committee  on  the  final 
vote.  And  many  times  such  propositions  were  so  radically  amended 
that  even  tho  they  were  not  entirely  rejected  the  author  can  hardly 
recognize  them  in  their  present  form.  The  same  disappointment  is  sure 
to  face  some  of  our  colleagues  who  have  helped  us  in  the  discussion  of 
the  work  and  expect  to  find  their  propositions  in  the  proposed  constitu- 
tion. The  truth  of  the  matter  is  that  no  constitution  will  hold  every- 
thing which  might  be  desirable.  There  is  evidently  a  limit  to  the  amount 
of  detail  which  it  is  possible  to  incorporate  in  any  such  document.  The 
outline  of  the  material  formally  adopted  meeting  after  meeting  when 
compared  with  the  finished  document  shows  that  the  latter  contains 
hardly  more  than  one-third  of  the  matter  which  had  at  one  time  or 
another  received  the  approval  of  the  Committee;  and  of  course  the 
disparity  is  even  greater  between  the  matter  recommended  by  the  va- 
rious sub-committees  and  that  which  appears  in  the  final  document. 
It    frequently   happened   that   propositions   by   which   the    Committee 


HISTORICAL   STATEMENT  19 

was  at  first  attracted  and  which  were  admirable  from  a  single  point  of 
view  became  in  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  undesirable  when  all 
factors  were  taken  into  account. 

It  is  too  much  to  expect  that  any  such  document  will  satisfy  all 
university  workers.  To  the  reformers  it  will  unquestionably  be  too 
conservative,  whereas  to  the  conservatives  it  will  appear  like  excessive 
radicalism.  Perhaps  the  greatest  danger  is  that  it  will  appear  to  both 
to  be  neither  the  one  thing  nor  the  other,  and  consequently  fail  to  re- 
ceive vigorous  support  or  definite  condemnation  from  any  party. 

It  may  seem  unnecessary  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  state 
university  is  an  institution  of  a  distinctly  individual  type,  possessing 
problems  of  its  own  and  looking  for  opportunities  to  discharge  its  respon- 
sibilities to  a  different  constituency  from  that  which  is  served  by  institu- 
tions of  other  types.  At  the  outset  of  our  discussion  it  was  suggested 
that  the  problems  of  the  state  university  were  distinctly  different  from 
those  of  an  institution  organized  under  private  auspices.  This  convic- 
tion became  more  and  more  strongly  impressed  upon  the  Committee  as 
the  discussion  proceeded,  and  when  an  analysis  of  the  general  problems 
was  undertaken  in  connection  with  those  visitors  who  on  invitation 
met  and  discussed  the  subject  with  the  Committee  the  impression  became 
a  demonstration  admitted  frankly  by  both  parties  to  the  discussion.  The 
most  evident  and  difficult  problems  of  the  private  institution  are  not 
those  of  the  state  university. 

Special  care  was  exercised  throughout  the  entire  period  of  formu- 
lation to  avoid  such  regulations  as  might  hamper  the  future  develop- 
ment of  the  institution.  Even  the  superficial  study  of  university  history 
demonstrates  beyond  question  not  only  that  the  institution  of  today  is 
far  beyond  the  conception  of  the  university  man  a  century  or  even  a  half 
century  ago,  but  also  that  many  of  the  customs  and  regulations  of  those 
days,  which  seemed  to  be  indispensable  for  the  proper  and  orderly  dis- 
charge of  university  functions,  have  limited  in  most  unfortunate  fashion 
the  later  development  of  certain  institutions  and  have  permitted  others 
more  recently  organized  and  less  definitely  regulated  to  pass  them  in 
development  and  to  exercise  much  greater  influence  for  the  welfare 
of  the  state  and  the  individual.  Regulations  which  tend  to  preserve  too 
strongly  the  status  quo  and  to  limit  the  right  assimilation  of  new  ideas 
or  the  participation  in  new  movements,  will  block  the  growth  and  influ- 
ence of  the  institution  and  reduce,  if  not  destroy,  its  power  of  service 
in  the  development  of  the  commonwealth. 

The  work  of  the  Committee  has  been  directed  primarily  towards  an 
effort  to  ascertain  and  incorporate  into  legal  form  those  broad  general 
principles  which  constitute  the  foundation  stones  of  university  organiz- 
ation.    The  fundamental  principles  are  those  that  concern  division  of 


20  HISTORICAL   STATEMENT 

authority  and  responsibility  and  contribute  to  efficiency  of  administra- 
tion without  loss  of  proper  checks  and  balances.  As  far  as  the  Committee 
found  it  possible  the  fundamental  problems  have  been  worked  out  rather 
than  the  details  which  will  naturally  and  necessarily  come  up  in  con- 
nection with  the  application  of  the  broader  principles.  In  fact  the  final 
copy  of  the  constitution  first  presented  herewith  differs  from  the  earlier 
draft  most  distinctly  in  the  elimination  of  many  details  and  in  added 
emphasis  upon  the  general  principles  of  administration. 

While  one  would  naturally  attribute  to  the  Committee  a  bias  in  the 
point  of  view  taken  on  university  questions  and  would  expect  its  mem- 
bers to  assume  the  attitude  of  teachers  rather  than  administrators,  I 
am  confident  that  no  such  charge  will  hold  for  the  final  work.  The 
membership  of  the  Committee  represented  experience  in  a  variety  of 
institutions  and  administrative  positions  and  the  executive  point  of  view 
was  constantly  presented  and  emphasized.  Individual  members  advo- 
cated strongly  and  vigorously  the  rights  of  the  general  public,  the  duties 
of  the  state  institution  to  its  founders  and  supporters,  and  the  responsi- 
bilities for  a  development  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  State,  which  are 
reasonably  laid  on  the  institution  by  virtue  of  its  establishment  and 
support. 

It  was  the  original  intention  of  the  Committee  to  study  those  rela- 
tions to  other  elements  in  the  organization  of  the  State  which  touch  the 
institution  intimately  at  many  points,  sometimes  with  a  definite  and 
legal  influence  that  is  immediate  in  its  effect  and  pronounced  in  its 
character,  in  other  instances  with  a  pressure  that  is  more  subtle  and 
apparently  more  distant  but  actually  very  real  and  powerful.  In  the 
original  synopsis  which  was  prepared  before  the  formulation  of  the 
individual  paragraphs  in  the  document  a  definite  place  was  assigned  to 
relations  with  the  Board  of  Trustees,  the  legislature,  the  alumni,  the 
people  of  the  State  at  large,  and  with  other  organized  instrumentalities 
that  have  necessarily  intimate  and  important  parts  to  play  in  the 
educational  problems  of  the  State,  namely,  the  secondary  schools,  other 
educational  institutions  of  higher  grade,  and  the  state  department  of 
education.  Nor  were  the  more  distant  relations  forgotten,  such  as 
involve  other  state  universities  or  privately  endowed  institutions  of 
learning,  as  well  as  the  national  government,  especially  in  the  Bureau 
of  Education  and  the  proposed  national  university.  It  became  evident, 
however,  that  so  comprehensive  a  program  was  beyond  the  powers  of  this 
Committee,  and  while  some  portions  of  it  might  have  been  discussed, 
there  was  danger  that  this  discussion  would  not  be  regarded  as  a  broad 
academic  study  of  the  question,  while  at  the  same  time  any  more  ex- 
tended consideration  of  the  field  would  have  postponed  still  further 
the  presentation  of  this  report  and  would  have  added  to  the  already 


HISTORICAL   STATEMENT  21 

heavy  responsibilities  of  the  Committee.  Accordingly  it  was  agreed  to 
confine  our  study  to  the  more  intimate,  internal  organization  of  the 
institution  as  furnishing  in  itself  a  reasonably  well  limited  topic,  the 
consideration  of  which  could  not  be  carried  out  as  well  by  any  other  body. 

In  conclusion,  the  members  of  the  Committee  would  certainly  wisli 
me  to  express  to  the  Senate  their  sincere  appreciation  of  the  considera- 
tion with  which  they  have  been  treated  during  the  progress  of  this 
study.  While  the  deliberations  have  extended  over  wmat  might  seem 
an  unreasonably  long  period  of  time,  the  Committee  has  not  been  ham- 
pered by  criticisms  for  its  delay  or  by  any  failure  to  appreciate  the 
intricacy  of  the  task  it  has  undertaken.  Individual  members  have 
repeatedly  received  expressions  of  encouragement  and  appreciation  for 
the  time  and  energy  that  they  were  devoting  to  the  problems  of  the 
group.  Furthermore,  it  is  of  course  true  that  the  questions  involved  bear 
upon  those  relations  in  which  every  member  of  the  University  staff  is 
most  intimately  concerned.  There  is  no  individual  in  the  entire  group 
who  does  not  wish  to  see  some  details  in  the  plan  of  organization 
fixed  in  accordance  with  his  own  ideas,  and  most  of  us  are  so  sincere  in 
our  advocacy  of  individual  measures  or  general  methods  of  organization 
that  we  sometimes  feel  as  if  the  existence  of  the  University  would 
be  imperiled  if  certain  particular  schemes  of  organization  were  not 
adopted.  There  is,  I  am  sure,  no  member  of  the  Committee  who  has 
not  had  occasion  many  times  during  its  work  to  discuss  general  questions 
of  university  organization  with  those  with  whom  he  has  been  in  more 
or  less  intimate  personal  relations.  Yet  I  am  confident  that  such  dis- 
cussion has  never  gone  to  the  point  of  exercising  any  pressure  whatever 
upon  the  Committee  or  the  individual.  More  than  that,  those  whose  long 
extended  and  successful  experience  as  teachers  or  administrative  officers 
in  this  University  might  be  said  to  have  qualified  them  to  speak  concern- 
ing its  problems  with  greater  positiveness  than  could  be  granted  to 
others,  have  been  of  all  the  most  considerate  in  recognizing  the 
difficulties  which  confronted  the  Committee  and  in  refraining  from 
any  expression  of  opinion  in  a  way  calculated  to  influence  unduly  the 
position  or  views  of  any  member  of  the  Committee.  The  members  of 
the  Committee  had  in  mind  somewhat  at  least  this  consideration  on  the 
part  of  their  colleagues  and  sought  to  avoid  the  embarrassments  which 
might  come  from  a  general  discussion  of  phraseology  that  had  not  been 
finally  approved  by  the  Committee;  for  when  the  preliminary  draft  of 
the  constitution  had  been  prepared  and  printed  they  decided  to  hold  it 
as  a  private  document  not  open  to  public  circulation  or  discussion,  or 
even  to  private  examination  outside  the  membership  of  the  Committee 
until  its  final  form  should  have  been  decided  upon. 

No  one  recognizes  more  fully  than  the  members  of  the  Committee 


22  HISTORICAL    STATEMENT 

the  imperfections  in  the  document  presented  herewith  to  the  Senate. 
Ideals  are  difficult  to  apply  rightly  to  the  many  complicated  situations 
that  come  out  in  any  intensive  discussion  of  university  organization. 
Everyone  recognizes  fully  also  the  difficulties  involved  in  securing  that 
verbal  form  which  will  be  at  once  inclusive  of  the  ideas  it  endeavors 
to  express  and  exclusive  of  subsidiary  relations  that  were  not  in  mind. 
Even  tho  the  Committee  has  spent  a  long  time  in  careful  analysis  and 
serious  discussion  of  the  individual  words  and  phrases  in  the  various 
articles  of  the  constitution  proposed,  yet  there  is  little  doubt  that  new 
points  of  view  will  furnish  interpretations  foreign  to  the  thought  of  the 
Committee  in  reaching  its  formulation  of  the  points  under  discussion. 
While  the  Committee  is  painfully  aware  of  the  defects  in  the  document, 
it  feels  that  any  further  extension  of  its  labors  would  be  incommensurate 
with  the  results  that  could  be  achieved.  It  is  glad  to  turn  the  matter 
over  to  the  Senate,  confident  that  the  results  of  a  new  analysis  and 
renewed  discussion  will  more  clearly  disclose  the  imperfections  and 
more  satisfactorily  correct  them. 

In  the  experience  which  was  gained  during  the  progress  of  the 
work,  the  Committee  has  reached  certain  convictions  regarding  effective 
methods  of  handling  such  a  document,  and  these  it  desires  to  commend 
to  the  careful  consideration  of  the  Senate,  having  in  mind  only  the 
advantages  that  will  be  gained  and  the  delays  that  will  be  avoided  by 
the  adoption  of  some  such  plan. 

Henry  B.  Ward 

Chairman 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 

June  7,  1915 
To  the  Senate  of  the  University  of  Illinois: 

The  Committee  on  Organization  and  Efficiency  authorized 
by  vote  of  the  Senate  February  G,  1911,  at  the  request  of  the 
President  of  the  University,  submits  herewith  its  report  in  the 
form  of  a  proposed  constitution  for  the  University  of  Illinois. 
Accompanying  this  document  is  a  brief  historical  statement  re- 
garding the  work  done  and  the  methods  employed. 

The  Committee  has  restricted  its  proposals  to  the  field  of  the 
internal  organization  of  the  University;  it  proposes  no  changes 
in  the  acts  of  the  General  Assembly  under  which  this  institution 
has  been  established.  The  Committee  has  endeavored  also  to  keep 
constantly  in  mind  the  specific  character  of  the  state  university, 
the  opportunities,  responsibilities,  and  limitations  of  which  differ 
in  no  small  degree  from  those  of  institutions  organized  or  con- 
ducted under  private,  ecclesiastical,  or  municipal  auspices. 

The  report  in  its  present  form  is  the  result  of  prolonged 
deliberation  and  the  careful  weighing  of  numerous  alternative 
forms  of  organization.  In  certain  points  it  differs  materially  from 
the  first  tentative  proposals  adopted.  Of  necessity  it  fails  to 
embody  in  every  detail  the  final  conclusions  of  any  single  member 
of  the  Committee.  Thus  it  represents,  in  part  at  least,  merely  a 
consensus  of  opinion, — a  majority;  but  a  majority  whose  person- 
nel differed  with  practically  every  seriously  controverted  point.  It 
is  possibly  less  consistent  but  perhaps  less  onesided  and  more 
practicable  than  any  plan  that  might  have  been  drafted  by  a  single 
person  or  in  a  more  limited  time. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

B.  H.  Bode  W.  A.  Oldfather 
Ernest  R.  Dewsnup  H.  L.  Rietz 
Julius  Goebel                 A.  N.  Talbot 
Herbert  W.  Mumford      P.  L.  Windsor 

C.  M.  McConn  Henry  B.  Ward 

Secretary  Chairman 

23 


PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

FOR  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

The  University  of  Illinois  is  an  institution  of  higher  learning 
initiated  and  encouraged  by  the  Federal  government,  but  con- 
trolled and  in  the  main  supported  by  the  people  of  the  State  of 
Illinois.  Founded  upon  the  training  of  the  public  schools,  and 
5  completing  the  systems  of  secondary  and  of  collegiate  education, 
it  is  devoted  to  the  advancement  and  dissemination  of  knowledge 
in  those  fields  of  study  which  contribute  most  directly  to  the 
enrichment  of  life  and  to  the  well-being  of  society.  The  welfare 
of  the  student  as  a  future  citizen  of  the  State  and  Nation  and  the 
10  promotion  of  research  are  thus  primary  considerations  in  de- 
termining the  proper  administrative  organization  and  educational 
polictv  which  the  University  shall  adopt. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  AND  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  THE 

STATE 

1.  The  General  Assembly  exercises  a  control  over  the  Univer- 
sity by  virtue  of  its  authority  to  modify  such  portions  of  the 

15  organic  law  as  are  not  directly  covered  by  provisions  of  the  State 
Constitution  and  to  appropriate  funds  for  the  maintenance  and 
extension  of  the  University. 

2.  Within  the  limits  set  by  the  provisions  of  the  State  Consti- 
tution and  the  organic  law,  the  Board  of  Trustees  exercises  final 

20  jurisdiction.  For  the  proper  use  of  funds  appropriated  by  the 
General  Assembly,  the  Board  of  Trustees  is  responsible  to  the 
people  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  by  whom  its  members  are  elected 
and  from  whom  they  derive  their  authority. 

3.  The  Governor  of  the  State,  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
25     Instruction,  and  the  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture 

are  ex  officio  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

25 


26  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

4.  The  corporation  denominated  "The  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  University  of  Illinois",  as  constituted  and  empowered  by  an 
act  of  the  General  Assembly,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  the 

30  organization  and  maintenance  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  Univer- 
sity", approved  February  28,  1867,  as  amended  by  acts  approved 
March  8,  1867,  May  7,  1873,  April  17,  1877,  May  11,  1877,  June 
19,  1885,  and  June  15,  1887,  is  the  governing  body  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  exercises  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  except  those  which 

35  the  said  Board  has  herein  expressly  delegated  to  other  bodies  and 
officers. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

5.  The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  shall  be  elected 
by  the  Board  from  among  its  own  membership  for  one  year,  and 
shall  hold  office  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified. 

40  He  shall  be  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  shall 

preside  at  the  meetings  of  the  Board,  and  shall  have  such  other 
duties  as  the  Board  may  prescribe. 

6.  The  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
and  shall  hold  office  for  two  years  and  until  his  successor  is 

45     elected  and  qualified. 

He  shall  receive  and  hold  all  the  funds  and  securities  of  the 
University.  He  shall  pay  out  money  only  on  warrants  signed  by 
the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  Secretary.  He 
shall  make  reports  at  stated  intervals,  showing  the  condition  of 
the  treasury,  and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed in  the  Statutes  of  the  University.  He  shall  give  bond  for 
the  faithful  performance  of  his  duties. 

50  7.  The  Secretary  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 

on  nomination  of  the  President  of  the  University,  and  shall  hold 
office  for  two  years  and  until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified. 
He  shall  be  the  financial  accountant  and  the  general  busi- 
ness and  purchasing  agent  of  the  University.     He  shall  keep  a 

55  complete  inventory  and  valuation  of  all  University  property.  He 
shall  keep  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
shall  have  general  charge  of  its  books  and  papers,  except  as  other- 
wise provided  in  the  Constitution  and  Statutes  of  the  University, 


PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION  27 

and  shall  perforin  such  other  duties  as  the  Board  may  from  time 
60  to  time  prescribe.  He  shall  give  bond  for  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  his  duties.  All  his  reports,  except  as  auditor,  and  all  his 
recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  shall  be  presented  by 
the  President  of  the  University. 

8.  The  Supervising  Architect  shall  be  elected  by  the  Board 
65     of  Trustees,  on  nomination  of  the  President  of  the  University, 

and  shall  hold  office  for  two  years  and  until  his  successor  is  elected 
and  qualified. 

He  shall  be  charged  with  the  supervision  of  the  extension, 
maintenance,  and  operation  of  the  physical  plant  of  the  Univer- 
70     sity.    All  his  reports  and  recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees shall  be  presented  by  the  President  of  the  University. 

THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY 

9.  The  President  shall  be  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the 
University  and  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  each  college  and  school 
therein.    He  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  two  years  by  the  Board 

75  of  Trustees.  In  the  election  or  re-election  of  a  president,  the 
University  Senate  shall  be  represented  by  members  of  its  own 
selection  on  the  nominating  committee  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 
The  President  shall  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board  and  partici- 
pate in  its  deliberations.     He  may  act  with  freedom  within  the 

80  lines  of  general  policy  laid  down  by  the  Board,  but  in  any  particu- 
lar matter  on  which  the  Board  has  passed  he  shall  follow  the 
specific  action  taken.  With  the  advice  of  the  Committee  on  Esti- 
mate and  Apportionment,  he  shall  prepare  the  annual  and  biennial 
budgets  for  presentation  to  the  Board  of  Trustees.    He  shall  make 

85  an  annual  report  to  the  Board,  which  shall  be  published  for  the 
use  of  the  University,  and  which  shall  deal  with  the  progress  and 
problems  of  the  institution.  He  shall  recommend  to  the  Board 
suitable  persons  for  positions  in  the  University,  and  in  case  of 
exigency  he  may  make  an  appointment   so  thai    Hie  work  of  the 

90  University  shall  not  be  interrupted.  The  President  shall  be  re- 
sponsible for  the  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 
University.  He  shall  make  such  recommendations  to  the  Board 
and  the  Senate  as  he  may  deem  desirable  for  the  proper  conduct 
and  development  of  the  work  of  the  University.     He  shall  be  ex 

95     officio  the  presiding  officer   of  the   Senate.     lie  shall   have  the 


28  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION' 

authority  to  issue  diplomas  conferring  degrees,  but  this  shall  be 
done  only  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Senate. 

THE  VICE-PRESIDENT 

10.  The  Vice-President  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  two 
years,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  President  of  the  University. 
100  He  shall  perform  such  duties  as  the  President  may  direct,  and 
during  the  absence  or  disability  of  the  President  shall  exercise 
the  functions  of  that  officer.  He  shall  serve  as  President  in  the 
event  of  the  death  or  retirement  of  that  officer,  until  a  successor 
shall  be  elected  and  qualified. 

THE  DEANS  OF  UNDERGRADUATES 

105  11.  The  Dean  of  Men  and  the  Dean  of  Women  shall  be  ap- 

pointed biennially  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  upon  the  nomination 
of  the  President  of  the  University. 

12.  The  Dean  of  Men  and  the  Dean  of  Women  shall  be  general 
advisers  for  men  and  women  students  respectively. 

THE  REGISTRAR 

110  13.  The  Registrar  of  the  University  shall  be  appointed  by  the 

Board  of  Trustees,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  President  of  the 
University. 

14.  He  shall  conduct  general  correspondence  with  prospective 
students,  pass  upon  the  credentials  of  students  entering  the  col- 

115  leges  and  schools,  supervise  their  entrance  examinations,  and  have 
charge  of  their  matriculation,  registration,  and  academic  records. 
He  shall  be  ex  officio  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the 
Council. 

THE    SENATE 

15.  The   Senate   shall   consist   of  professors  of   the   Univer- 
120     sity,  the  President,  the  Vice-President,  the  deans,  the  directors  of 

schools,  the  Director  of  the  Library,  the  Registrar,  the  High 
School  Visitor,  and  the  Chairman  or  acting  head  of  each  depart- 
ment. 

1G.  It  shall  determine  what  constitute  questions  of  educa- 
125     tional  policy,  shall  exercise  legislative  functions  touching  the  same, 


PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION  29 

and  shall  make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  it  may  deem  desir- 
able to  promote  the  educational  interests  of  the  University. 

17.  Requirements  for  admission  to  the  University  and  for 
degrees  and  certificates,  curricula,  and  such  new  courses  of  study 

130  and  changes  in  courses  of  study  as  involve  considerations  of  edu- 
cational policy  or  relations  between  colleges,  shall  be  determined 
by  the  Senate.  When  so  determined  they  shall  be  effective  without 
further  action  unless  an  increase  in  the  expense  of  instruction 
or  administration  is  involved.    When  such  an  increase  is  involved, 

135  the  President  shall  report  the  action  of  the  Senate  to  the  Board 
of  Trustees  with  his  recommendation  thereon,  which  report  shall 
show  the  additional  cost  of  carrying  the  changes  into  effect. 

18.  The  Senate  shall  recommend  candidates  for  diplomas, 
degrees,  and  certificates,  which  shall  be  conferred  by  the  President 

140     under  the  authority  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

19.  No  new  line  of  work  shall  be  established  except  by  action 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  on  recommendation  of  the  Senate  and 
the  President. 

20.  It  shall  lie  within  the  province  of  the  Senate  to  propose 
145     amendments  to  this  Constitution  to  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

21.  The  Registrar  shall  be  ex  officio  Secretary  of  the  Senate. 

22.  The  Senate  shall  appoint  committees  on  educational  pol- 
icy, library,  museum,  press,  university  extension,  and  athletics. 

THE    COUNCIL 

t 

23.  The  Council  shall  consist  of  the  President,  the  Vice-Presi- 
150     dent,  the  Dean  of  the  Graduate  School,  the  deans  of  the  colleges, 

the  Dean  of  Men,  and  the  Dean  of  Women.  The  Registrar  shall 
act  as  its  Clerk.  The  Council  shall  act  in  the  capacity  of  adviser 
to  the  President.  It  shall  have  general  charge  of  matters  of  rou- 
tine administration  and  shall  have  exclusive  and  final  jurisdiction 

155  in  all  matters  of  discipline.  It  shall  not  exercise  legislative  func- 
tions in  any  matter  involving  educational  policy ;  but  if  any  spe- 
cific case  which  involves  a  new  question  of  educational  policy  shall 
arise  upon  which  immediate  action  is  imperative,  the  Council  may 
act  upon  this  specific  case  according  to  its  discretion,  and  its 

160  action  on  such  case  shall  not  be  subject  to  reversal  by  the  Senate. 
It  shall,  however,  be  the  duty  of  the  Council  to  report  its  action 
in  such  case  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Senate,  in  order  that  the 
question  of  educational  policy  involved  may  be  determined. 


30  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

THE  COMMITTEE  ON  ESTIMATE  AND  APPORTIONMENT 

24.  There  shall  be  a  Committee  on  Estimate  and  Apportion- 
165     ment,  to  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  University  from 

among  the  members  of  the  Senate. 

25.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  this  Committee  to  make  recom- 
mendations concerning  all  matters  relating  to  University  financial 
needs;  and  after  the  income  of  the  University  for  any  year  has 

170  been  determined,  to  make  recommendations  concerning  the  allot- 
ment of  funds  to  the  various  University  interests.  These  recom- 
mendations shall  be  made  to  the  President  for  information  and 
advice  in  making  up  budgets  and  allotments. 

THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOL 

26.  The  Graduate  School  shall  be  organized  with  an  Execu- 
175     tive  Faculty  and  a  Dean. 

27.  The  Executive  Faculty  shall  be  composed  of  the  Dean  as 
Chairman  and  not  more  than  fifteen  (15)  members  of  the  faculty, 
elected  annually  by  the  Senate,  on  nomination  of  the  President. 

28.  It  shall  make  recommendations  to  the  Senate  upon  mat- 
180     ters  of  educational  policy  which  affect  graduate  studies;  it  shall 

advise  the  Dean  in  the  administration  of  his  office,  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  budget,  and  in  the  apportionment  of  funds;  it  shall 
pass  upon  all  courses  of  instruction  offered  for  graduate  credit 
and  the  thesis  subjects  of  candidates  for  advanced  degrees;  it  shall 

185  pass  upon  the  qualifications  of  each  member  of  the  teaching  staff 
who  proposes  to  offer  courses  for  graduate  credit  or  to  take  charge 
of  the  thesis  work  of  graduate  students;  it  shall  recommend  to 
the  President  all  appointments  to  scholarships  and  fellowships  in 
the  Graduate  School.    The  sessions  and  minutes  of  the  Executive 

190  Faculty  shall  be  open  to  all  members  of  the  academic  staff  who 
have  charge  of  graduate  work. 

29.  It  shall  fall  within  the  province  of  the  Executive  Faculty 
to  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  through  the  President 
appropriations  to  provide  special  funds  for  the  proper  conduct  of 

195  the  higher  forms  of  research  and  the  publication  of  the  results  of 
the  same;  for  co-operation  upon  undertakings  too  large  for  any 
individual  to  organize  or  to  complete;  and  for  prizes  and  subven- 
tions for  the  solution  of  definite  scientific  problems;  provided 


PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION  31 

that  nothing  in  this  paragraph  shall  be  interpreted  to  confer  upon 
200     the  Executive  Faculty  the  exclusive  right  to  make  such  recom- 
mendations. 

30.  The  Dean  shall  be  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  Gradu- 
ate School. 

31.  He  shall  be  appointed  biennially  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
205     upon  the  nomination  of  the  President,  but  the  appointment  to  be 

effective  must  be  confirmed  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  Senate, 
voting  by  ballot. 

32.  He  shall  have  the  same  powers  and  duties  within  the 
Graduate  School  as  have  been  assigned  to  the  deans  of  colleges 

210     within  their  respective  colleges. 

THE    COLLEGE 

33.  The  college  is  the  largest  administrative  group  of  depart- 
ments, and  shall  include  all  the  departments  whose  interests  are 
best  served  by  their  inclusion  in  this  administrative  group. 

34.  The  college  shall  be  governed  in  its  internal  administra- 
215     tion  by  its  faculty.    The  faculty  shall  consist  of  the  President,  the 

dean  of  the  college,  and  all  professors,  associate  professors,  assist- 
ant professors,  and  associates  in  departments  belonging  to  the 
college,  together  with  representatives  of  such  other  departments 
as  may  be  entitled  to  representation  by  virtue  of  participation  in 
220  the  program  of  instruction  in  the  college,  and  finally  such  other 
officers  of  the  University  as  the  President  may  assign  thereto. 

35.  The  transfer  of  any  line  of  work,  or  any  part  thereof,  to 
or  from  a  college,  from  or  to  some  other  administrative  group, 
shall  be  made  upon  recommendation  of  the  Senate  and  approval 

225     of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

36.  The  college  may  approve  such  new  courses  of  study  or 
changes  in  existing  courses  of  study  as  do  not  involve  considera- 
tions of  educational  policy  or  relations  between  colleges. 

37.  The  faculty  shall  select  its  own  secretary  and  committees. 
230            38.  There  shall  be  an  executive  committee  to  advise  the  dean 

in  the  administration  of  his  office  and  to  transact  such  business 
as  may  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  faculty.  This  committee  shall 
consist  of  heads  and  chairmen  of  departments  chosen  by  the  fac- 
ulty, together  with  the  dean,  who  shall  be  its  chairman. 


32  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

THE    DEAN 

235  39.  The  dean  shall  be  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  college. 

40.  He  shall  be  appointed  biennially  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
upon  nomination  by  the  President  of  the  University,  but  the  nomi- 
nation to  be  effective  must  be  confirmed  by  a  majority  vote  of  the 
professors  and  associate  professors  in  the  college  faculty,  voting 

240     by  ballot. 

41.  ( 1 )  The  Dean  shall  be  the  presiding  officer  of  the  faculty ; 
(2)  to  the  end  that  committee  work  may  be  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
he  shall  formulate  and  present  to  it  policies  for  its  consideration ; 
however  the  foregoing  clause  shall  not  be  interpreted  to  abridge 

245  the  right  of  any  member  of  the  faculty  to  present  any  matter 
whatever  to  the  faculty;  (3)  he  shall  make  reports  upon  the  work 
of  the  college,  including  a  detailed  annual  report  to  be  made  to 
the  President  before  the  close  of  the  academic  year;  (4)  he  shall 
oversee  the  registration  and  the  progress  of  the  students  in  the 

250  college;  (5)  he  shall  be  responsible  for  the  educational  use  of  the 
buildings  and  general  equipment  of  the  college  as  distinct  from 
that  of  the  separate  departments;  (6)  he  shall  serve  as  the  medium 
of  communication  for  all  official  business  of  the  college  with 
other  University  authorities,  the  students,  and  the  public;  (7)  he 

255  shall  represent  the  college  in  conferences,  except  that  other  or 
additional  representatives  may  be  chosen  by  the  faculty  for  spe- 
cific conferences;  (8)  he  shall  nominate  the  officers  and  members 
of  the  teaching  staff  in  co-operation  with  the  departments  con- 
cerned as  provided  under  the  head  of  "Nomination  of  the  Teach- 

260  ing  Staff'7;  (9)  in  case  recommendations  from  the  college  are  not 
approved  by  the  President,  he  shall  have,  on  request,  the  oppor- 
tunity of  presenting  the  same  in  person  before  the  Board  of 
Trustees  in  session. 

THE    SCHOOL 

42.  The  school  is  an  administrative  unit  occupying  a  status 
265     between  that  of  the  department  and  the  college. 

43.  A  school  organized  as  an  independent  administrative  unit 
shall  be  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may  be  recommended  by 
the  President,  upon  consultation  with  the  director  of  the  school, 
and  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  its  government. 

270  44.  A  school  affiliated  with  a  college  shall  be  under  the  gen- 

eral direction  of  the  faculty  of  that  college,  which  may  delegate 
specific  powers  to  the  school. 


PROPOSED   CONSTITUTION  33 

THE  DIRECTOR  OF  A  SCHOOL 

45.  The  chief  executive  officer  of  the  school  shall  be  a  director, 
appointed  biennially  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  on  the  recom- 

275  mendation  of  the  President  of  the  University.  Within  the  school 
the  duties  of  a  director  shall  be  determined  in  each  case  as  pro- 
vided in  paragraphs  43  and  44. 

THE    DEPARTMENT 

46.  The  department  is  the  primary  unit  of  administration 
within  the  University.    It  may  include  all  persons  engaged  in  the 

280  teaching  and  investigation  of  any  subject  or  phase  thereof  or  of 
closely  related  subjects. 

47.  There  shall  be  a  chairman  or  a  head  for  each  department. 
If  a  chairman,  he  shall  be  appointed  annually  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  on  nomination  presented  by  the  President  of  the  Uni- 

285  versify  after  consultation  with  the  dean  of  the  college  and  the 
professors  of  the  department  concerned.  If  a  head,  he  shall  be 
nominated  and  appointed  in  the  same  way  as  other  professors.  He 
may,  however,  be  relieved  of  his  duties  and  title  as  head  of  the 
department  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  on  recommendation  of  the 

290     President  and  the  dean  of  the  college. 

48.  In  each  department  organized  with  a  chairman,  the  voting- 
faculty  shall  consist  of  the  associates,  assistant  professors,  asso- 
ciate professors,  and  professors.  In  consultation  with  the  execu- 
tive committee,  the  chairman  may  invite  other  members  to  attend 

295     departmental  meetings. 

49.  In  each  department  organized  with  a  chairman,  there 
shall  be  an  executive  committee,  composed  of  the  professors  of  the 
department,  which  shall  be  empowered  to  act  in  such  matters  as 
may  be  delegated  to  it  by  the  voting  faculty  of  the  department, 

300  and  also  in  such  matters  as  cannot  appropriately  be  presented  to 
that  faculty.  In  such  a  department  organized  with  no  professor 
other  than  the  chairman,  the  latter  shall  exercise  the  power  other- 
wise vested  in  the  executive  committee. 

50.  The  voting  faculty  of  the  department  or  the  head  of  the 


34  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

305  department  shall  have  power  to  determine  such  matters  as  do  not 
so  affect  relations  with  other  departments  or  colleges  that  they 
properly  come  under  the    supervision  of    larger    administrative 

units. 

51.  In   each   department   organized   with   a   chairman,   that 
310     officer  shall  be  responsible  for  the  initiation  and  execution  of 

departmental  policies  and  the  execution  of  University  policies  in 
so  far  as  they  affect  the  department ;  he  shall  represent  the  depart- 
ment in  its  official  business  with  other  University  authorities,  with 
students,  and  with  the  public ;  he  shall  report  upon  the  teaching 

315  and  investigation  of  the  department ;  he  shall  have  general  charge 
of  the  rooms  and  equipment  of  the  department;  he  shall  have 
general  oversight  of  the  work  of  students  in  the  department;  he 
shall  be  responsible  for  the  disbursement  of  departmental  funds 
for  the  purposes  approved  by  the  executive  committee;  and  he 

320  shall  call  and  preside  over  all  meetings  of  the  department,  or  any 
of  its  sections,  and  of  the  executive  committee. 

52.  In  each  department  organized  with  a  head,  that  officer 
shall  have  general  direction  of  the  work  of  the  department.  He 
shall  consult  with  the  other  permanent  members  of  the  depart- 

325  mental  staff  in  regard  to  departmental  policies  and  budgets,  and 
with  all  members  of  the  department  regarding  the  nature  and 
scope  of  the  work  in  their  charge.  The  head  shall  be  held  respon- 
sible, however,  for  the  organization  of  the  work  of  the  department, 
for  the  quality  and  efficient  progress  of  that  work,  and  for  the 

330  formulation  and  execution  of  departmental  policies.  He  shall 
make  departmental  reports,  prepare  departmental  budgets,  and 
be  responsible  for  the  distribution  and  expenditure  of  depart- 
mental funds,  and  for  the  care  of  departmental  property. 

53.  In  the  discharge  of  their  responsibilities  it  is  intended 
335     that  both  chairmen  and  heads  of  departments  shall  recognize  the 

individual  responsibility  of  other  professors  in  the  department 
for  the  discharge  of  the  duties  committed  to  them  by  their  ap- 
pointments, and  shall  act  so  as  to  allow  proper  scope  to  the  ability 
and  initiative  of  all  members  of  their  departments. 
340  51.  Departments  may  be  grouped  in  divisions  for  consider- 

ation and  action  upon  matters  of  mutual  concern. 


PROPOSED   CONSTITUTION  35 

THE  ACADEMIC  AND  ADMINISTKATI VE  STAFFS 

55.  The  academic  staff  shall  include  the  President,  the  Vice- 
President,  the  deans,  the  directors  of  schools,  stations,  shops,  and 
laboratories,  and  all  persons  engaged  in  teaching,  research,  experi- 

345     mentation,  and  public  service. 

56.  The  following  ranks  in  the  academic  staff  shall  be  recog- 
nized: professor,  associate  professor,  assistant  professor,  associ- 
ate, instructor.  Other  ranks  may  be  established  by  the  Board  of 
Trustees. 

350  57.  .The  administrative  staff  shall  include  the  officers  of  the 

Board  of  Trustees,  the  Dean  of  Men,  the  Dean  of  Women,  the 
Registrar,  and  their  subordinates,  and  the  administrative  subor- 
dinates of  those  members  of  the  academic  staff  who  are  charged 
with  administrative  duties. 

r 

METHOD    OF    APPOINTMENTS 

355  58.  All  appointments  upon  the  academic  and  administrative 

staffs  are  to  be  made  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  upon  nomination, 
as  hereinafter  provided,  to  be  presented  by  the  President  of  the 
University. 

59.  All  University  appointments  shall  be  made  on  the  merit 
360     basis,  solely  with  respect  to  the  special  fitness  of  the  individual 

for  the  work  demanded  in  the  position.  Political,  social,  fraternal, 
or  church  influences  shall  in  no  case  affect  or  prejudice  the  ap- 
pointment of  any  individual.  No  appointee  shall  be  removed 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  without  the  filing  of 
365     formal  charges  and  a  hearing  before  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

60.  Every  appointee  to  a  position  in  the  University  shall  be 
given  formal  notification  that  the  appointment  is  made  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  Constitution. 

61.  Keports  and  requests   shall   pass   through   the   ordinary 
370     channels,  but  upon  formal  application  a  member  of  the  academic 

and  administrative  staffs  may  have  an  opportunity  to  present 
matters  concerning  his  own  work  or  his  relation  to  the  University, 
in  person,  before  the  Board  of  Trustees  in  session;  provided  that 
such  matters  have  first  been  presented  to  the  President  without 
375     receiving  his  approval. 


36  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

ACADEMIC    APPOINTMENTS 

(52.  Nominations    for    indefinite    term    appointments    shall 

originate  with  a  committee  composed  of  the  dean  of  the  college, 

the  Dean  of  the  Graduate  School,  the  permanent  members  of  the 

department,  and  representatives  of  two  or  more  allied  departments 

380     coopted  by  the  previously  named  members. 

63.  Nominations  for  limited  term  appointments  shall  origin- 
ate "with  the  department. 

64.  Nominations  of  persons  suitable  to  carry  on  new  lines  of 
work  shall  originate  with  a  committee  composed  of  the  dean  of 

385  the  college  and  representatives  of  allied  departments,  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  University. 

TENURE 

65.  An  appointment  as  professor  or  as  associate  professor 
shall  be  for  an  indefinite  term.  This  shall  be  construed  to  mean 
permanent  tenure ;  and  such  tenure  may  be  terminated  only  by  : 

390  (1)  honorable  retirement  on  an  allowance  granted  for  age  or  per- 
manent disability,  (2)  acceptance  of  resignation,  or  (3)  discharge 
for  cause;  provided,  however,  that  when  a  person's  first  appoint- 
ment in  this  University  is  to  a  professorship  or  an  associate  pro- 
fessorship, such  appointment  may  be  for  a  limited  term,  but  a  re- 

395  appointment  following  shall  be  for  an  indefinite  term  as  already 
provided.  Appointments  below  the  rank  of  associate  professor 
shall  be  made  for  a  definite  term.  Only  immorality,  gross  neglect 
of  duty,  or  conspicuous  and  continued  inefficiency  and  incompe- 
tency shall  be  considered  cause  for  discharge. 


&' 


ACADEMIC    FREEDOM 

400  66.  Academic  freedom  in  the  pursuit  and  teaching  of  know- 

ledge shall  be  maintained  in  the  University  of  Illinois. 

ADMINISTRATIVE    APPOINTMENTS 

67.  Appointments  to  the  administrative  staff,  unless  other- 
wise provided  for  in  this  Constitution,  shall  be  made  annually  by 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  President 

405     of  the  University. 

68.  The  principal  officers  of  the  administrative  staff  may  be 


PROPOSED   CONSTITUTION  37 

accorded  an  appropriate  academic  rank,  with  all  rights  and  privi- 
leges pertaining  thereto  which  arc  not  in  conflict  with  other  pro- 
visions of  this  Constitution. 

DUTIES  OF  THE  ACADEMIC  AND  ADMINISTRATIVE 

STAFFS 

410  69.  The  members  of  the  academic  and  administrative  staffs 

shall  loyally  perform  such  instructional  and  administrative  duties 
as  are  determined  by  the  duly  constituted  authorities. 

70.  Instructional  duties  shall  be  determined  by  the  depart- 
ment in  consultation  with  the  dean.    Administrative  duties  shall 

415  be  determined  by  any  faculty  to  which  the  individual  in  question 
may  belong,  by  the  department,  by  the  dean  or  director  of  any 
such  faculty,  and  by  the  President.  But  members  of  the  academic 
staff  actively  engaged  in  productive  scholarship  may  not  be  as- 
signed regular  administrative  duties  or  functions,  upon  commit- 

420  tees  or  otherwise,  without  a  corresponding  reduction  in  hours  of 
instruction. 

71.  No  member  of  the  academic  or  the  administrative  staff 
may  engage  in  activities  which  are  incompatible  with  the  proper 
performance  of  his  duties  in  the  University,  except  by  permission 

425     of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

72.  Temporary  releases  from  duty  may  be  granted  by  the 
President. 

VACATIONS 

73.  All  members  of  the  academic  staff  shall  be  entitled  to  a 
vacation,  which  shall  amount  to  three  months  out  of  each  calendar 

430  year.  Such  vacations  are  to  be  uuderstood  as  releases  from 
instructional  duties;  the  proper  performance  of  administrative 
duties,  however,  may  shorten  the  vacation  period. 

74.  All  members  of  the  administrative  staff  shall  be  entitled 
to  a  vacation,  which  shall  amount  to  not  less  than  one  month  out 

435     of  each  calendar  year. 

LEAVE    OF    ABSENCE 

75.  After  each  seven  years  of  service  on  the  academic  staff 
a  member  of  that  staff  holding  the  rank  of  professor,  associate 
professor,  or  assistant  professor,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  leave  of 


38  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

absence  for  the  purpose  of  better  fitting  himself  for  his  work. 

440  This  leave  of  absence  may  be  for  one  year  on  half  pay,  or  for  one- 
half  year  on  full  pay.  Acceptance  of  the  leave  of  absence  binds 
its  recipient  to  remain  in  the  services  of  the  University  for  one 
year  after  his  return  at  the  salary  which  he  received  for  the  year 
previous  to  his  leave  of  absence.     Such  leave  of  absence  may  be 

445  deferred  on  the  recommendation  of  the  President.  The  length  of 
time,  however,  during  which  such  leave  of  absence  has  been  de- 
ferred shall  count  upon  the  period  of  service  that  must  elapse 
before  the  next  succeeding  leave  of  absence. 

PENSIONS 

76.  Subject  to  such  regulations  and  limitations  as  may   be 
450     made  from  time  to  time  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  all  persons  in 

the  service  of  the  University,  upon  honorable  retirement  due  to 
age  or  disability,  and  the  widows  of  all  persons  who  have  been 
in  the  service  of  the  University,  shall  receive  a  pension  that  shall 
stand  in  a  reasonable  relation  to  their  needs  and  to  the  positions 
455  which  they  or  their  husbands  have  previously  held  in  the  Uni- 
versity. 

THE    SUMMER    SESSION 

77.  The  Summer  Session  shall  be  an  integral  part  of  the 
work  of  the  University,  and  all  courses  for  which  credit  towards 
a   degree  is  given  shall   be  maintained  at  the  same  grade   and 

460     standard  as  other  work  in  the  University. 

78.  The  scope  and  character  of  the  courses  offered  therein 
shall  be  outlined  by  the  respective  departments  and  the  Director 
of  the  Summer  Session,  and  shall  be  approved  in  the  same  manner 
as  other  courses. 

465  79.  The  Director  shall  be  appointed  biennially  by  the  Board 

of  Trustees,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  President  of  the 
University.  He  shall  be  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  Summer 
Session,  and  shall  have  therein  the  same  duties  as  the  dean  of  a 
college. 

470  80.  There  shall  be  an  Executive  Faculty,  appointed  by  the 

President  which  shall  assist  the  Director  in  the  administration 
of  his  office,  including  the  formulation  of  plans  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  budget.     All  proposals    affecting    general    educational 


PROPOSED   CONSTITUTION  39 

policy  shall  be  approved  by  the  Senate  before  going  into  effect. 
475  81.  Appointments  to  the  academic  staff  of  the  Summer  Ses- 

sion shall  be  made  by  the  President,  on  the  joint  nomination  of 
the  department  and  the  Director. 

82.  Service  without  pay  for  three  Summer  Sessious  shall 
entitle  any  member  of  the  academic  staff  of  the  University  to  leave 

480     of  absence  for  one  semester  at  full  pay. 

UNIVERSITY    EXTENSION 

83.  The  Director  of  University  Extension  shall  be  appointed 
biennially  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  upon  the  nomination  of  the 
President  of  the  University  in  consultation  with  the  Senate  Com- 
mittee on  University  Extension. 

485  84.  The  Director  shall  organize  and  administer  the  extension 

work  of  the  University,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Senate  Com- 
mittee on  University  Extension. 

85.  The  scope  and  character  of  all  the  extension  work  offered 
in  any  subject  shall  be  determined  by  the  Director  and  the  depart- 
490     ment  concerned,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Senate. 

8C.  Nominations  to  positions  upon  the  instructional  staff 
shall  be  made  to  the  President  by  the  Director  and  the  department 
concerned. 

87.  Every  member  of  the  instructional  staff  shall  be  a  member 
495     of  that  department  whose  field  of  study  he  represents. 

LIBRARY 

88.  The  Library  includes  all  books,  periodicals,  maps,  photo- 
graphs, manuscripts,  and  similar  material  purchased  or  acquired 
in  any  other  manner  by  the  University. 

89.  It  shall  be  in  the  custody  of  the  Director  of  the  Library, 
500     who  shall  be  responsible  for  its  arrangement,  care  and  service- 
ability. 

90.  The  Director  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
on  the  nomination  of  the  President  of  the  University.  His  rank 
and  tenure  shall  be  that  of  a  professor. 

505  91.  He  shall  make  to  the  President  and  the  Senate  an  annual 

report  on  the  condition  and  needs  of  the  Library  and  on  the  work 
of  the  staff. 


40  PROPOSED    CONSTITUTION 

92.  Nominations  to  positions  on  the  Library  staff  shall  be 
made  to  the  President  by  the  Director  of  the  Library. 
510  93.  There  shall  be  a  Committee  on  the  Library,  appointed  by 

the  Senate,  of  which  the  Director  shall  be  chairman,. which  shall 
determine  matters  of  general  Library  policy,  apportion  Library 
funds  and  assist  the  Director  in  the  administration  of  his  office. 

EXPERIMENT    STATIONS 

94.  Experiment  stations  shall  be  organized  to  conduct  re- 
515      search  work,  which  shall  have  for  its  object  the  solution  of  prob- 
lems concerning  the  economic  and  scientific  phases  of  agriculture 
and  engineering. 

95.  Similar  organizations  for  research  in  other  fields  may  be 
established  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  on  the  recommendation  of 

520     the  President  of  the  University  and  the  Senate. 

96.  The  Deans  of  the  Colleges  of  Agriculture  and  of  Engi- 
neering shall  be  ex  officio  Directors  of  the  Agricultural  and  Engi- 
neering Experiment  Stations,  respectively,  and  the  heads  or  chair- 
men of  those  departments  organized  for  such  experimental  work 

525  shall  be  ex  officio  chiefs  of  corresponding  divisions  of  the  staffs 
of  those  Stations. 

97.  The  executive  staff,  composed  of  the  director  and  chiefs 
of  divisions,  shall  determine  the  character  and  extent  of  the 
investigations  to  be  undertaken. 

SCIENTIFIC  AND  PUBLIC  SERVICE  BUREAUS 

530  98.  The  various  State  scientific  and  public  service  bureaus, 

surveys,  laboratories,  offices,  and  similar  departments,  whether 
supported  by  direct  legislative  appropriation  or  out  of  funds 
appropriated  by  the  Federal  government,  by  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  University,  or  by  private  contributions,  shall  be  located  at 

535  the  University  of  Illinois  in  Urbana-Champaign,  save  in  excep- 
tional cases  where  some  other  location  may  be  deemed  necessary 
or  advisable  by  the  Board  of  Trustees  or  the  General  Assembly. 

99.  There  shall  be  a  separate  organization  for  each  of  the 
above  mentioned  departments,  to  be  determined  in  each  individual 

540  case  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  act 
of  the  General  Assembly,  which  shall  appoint  the  director  or  chief 


PROPOSED   CONSTITUTION  41 

officer  of  the  organization  and  the  principal  members  of  the  staff 
and  approve  the  budget  and  plan  of  work. 

100.  The  director  or  chief  officer   of  the   above  mentioned 
545     organizations  shall  be  responsible  for  the  efficient  organization 

and  progress  of  the  work  entrusted  to  his  direction. 

101.  Those  of  the  above  mentioned  organizations  located  at 
the  University  of  Illinois  in  Urbana-Champaign  may  be  affiliated 
with  the  appropriate  department  of  instruction  in  the  University, 

550     the  nature  and  degree  of  such  affiliation  to  be  determined  in  each 
instance  by  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

ATHLETICS   AND   HYGIENE 

102.  Athletics  and  hygiene  shall  be  administered  as  a  depart- 
ment of  instruction  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Sciences. 

103.  This  department  shall  exercise  supervision  over  athletic 
555     games,  sports,  and  exercises,  the  physical  training  and  health  of 

students,  and  the  University  dispensary  and  hospital. 

104.  Intercollegiate  athletics  shall  be  under  the  control  of 
the  Senate. 

MILITARY  SCIENCE 

105.  Military  science  shall  be  administered  as  a  department 
560     of  instruction  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Sciences. 

106.  The  Commandant  during  his  term  of  service  shall  be 
Professor  of  Military  Science  and  head  of  the  department,  with 
the  same  rights  and  duties  as  other  heads  of  departments,  subject 
only  to  the  limitations  imposed  by  Federal  Statutes  and  the  War 

565     Department. 

AMENDMENTS 

107.  This  Constitution  may  be  amended  by  a  majority  vote  of 
record  of  all  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  constituting  it 
by  law;  provided  that  no  amendment,  unless  it  shall  have  been 
proposed  by  the  Senate,  shall  be  voted  upon  until  it  has  first  been; 

570     referred  to  that  body  for  consideration  and  recommendation. 


PROPOSED  STATUTES 

The  following  paragraphs  are  suggested  for  inclusion,  not  in 
the  Constitution,  but  in  a  supplementary  set  of  Statutes  or  Kegu- 
lations : 

THE   TREASURER 

(1)  The  Treasurer  shall  receive  all  appropriations  nr*de  to  the 
575    University  by  the  State  and  by  the  United  States,  and  also  all  gifts, 

moneys,  and  securities  accepted  by  the  Board  of  Trustees.  He  shall 
collect,  when  it  becomes  due,  the  interest  accruing  on  money  and  securi- 
ties, including  land  contracts,  of  the  University;  shall  also  collect  the 
principal  of  said  securities  when  it  becomes  due;  and  shall  report 
580  promptly  to  the  Secretary  for  record  the  receipt  of  all  funds  and  a 
description  of  each  security  placed  in  his  custody. 

(2)  The  Endowment  Fund  shall  be  kept  invested  by  the  Treasurer 
and  the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The  Treasurer 
shall  forthwith  report  all  changes  in  investments  to  the  Secretary,  who 

585  shall  enter  the  same  on  his  records.  At  each  regular  meeting  of  the 
Board  the  Committee  shall  report  for  approval  its  action  concerning  the 
investment  of  funds. 

(3)  The  Treasurer  shall  keep  the  accounts  of  the  funds  and  securi- 
ties in  his  custody  in  such  form  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Board  of 

590     Trustees,  and  shall  submit  his  accounts  to  the  Board  for  audit. 

(4)  At  each  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  the  Treas- 
urer shall  report,  in  such  manner  as  the  Board  may  prescribe,  the 
transactions  of  his  office  for  the  fiscal  quarter  preceding  the  meeting, 
and  also  the  condition  of  all  funds  at  the  end  of  the  quarter.    He  shall 

595     also  report  at  any  other  time  that  the  Board  may  direct. 

(5)  The  Treasurer  shall  give  bond,  payable  to  the  State  of  Illinois, 
for  the  use  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  in  the  sum  of  Two  Million  Dollars 
($2,000,000),  for  the  safe  keeping  of  funds,  for  the  payment  of  the 
same  in  obedience  to  the  rules  and  orders  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 

600     for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duties  as  Treasurer. 

THE    SECRETARY 

(6)  The  Secretary  shall  collect  and  account  for  all  moneys  from 
dues,  fees,  tuitions,  and  all  other  sources,  unless  it  is  provided  that  the 
collection  shall  be  made  by  the  Treasurer.  He  shall  remit  monthly  to 
the  Treasurer  the  moneys  received  by  him.    At  the  end  of  every  fiscal 

42 


PROPOSED  STATUTES  43 

605  quarter  he  shall  furnish  to  the  President  of  the  University  and  to  each 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  a  statement  of  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures in  such  form  as  the  Board  may  prescribe.  He  shall  prepare  the 
annual  financial  report  of  the  Board,  which  shall  include  a  detailed  state- 
ment of  the  value  of  the  physical  plant  as  well  as  statements  concerning 

610     all  moneys  and  funds  of  the  University. 

(7)  The  Secretary  shall  be  the  custodian  of  the  Seal  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  in  all  proper  cases  shall  authenticate  the  acts  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  by  affixing  said  Seal.  He  shall  attend  the  meetings  of  the 
Board  and  of  the  standing  committees  of  the  Board  unless  excused,  and 

615     shall  keep  a  record  of  the  proceedings. 

(8)  The  Secretary  shall  keep  an  accurate  record  of  each  of  the 
securities  reported  by  the  Treasurer,  and  shall  report  maturing  securi- 
ties to  the  Board  of  Trustees  at  least  three  months  before  maturity. 

(9)  All  purchases  shall  be  made  through  the  office  of  the  Secretary, 
620     subject  to  such  regulations  and  exceptions  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 

Board  of  Trustees. 

(10)  The  Secretary  shall  keep  records  showing  the  condition  of  the 
physical  plant  and  the  expenditures  made  in  connection  with  the  main- 
tenance and  extension  of  the  same. 

625  (11)     The  Secretary  shall  give  bond  to  the  State  of  Illinois  for  the 

use  of  the  University,  in  the  sum  of  Fifty  Thousand  Dollars  ($50,000), 
for  the  payment  of  all  moneys  coming  into  his  hands  in  obedience  to 
the  Constitution  and  Statutes  of  the  University  and  to  the  orders  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  and  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duties. 

630  (12)     From  time  to  time,  as  the  Board  of  Trustees  shall  require,  the 

Secretary  shall  submit  detailed  statements  of  the  mode  of  operation  of 
the  business  of  his  office,  including  the  method  of  accounting  and  the 
operation  of  the  purchasing  and  inventory  systems. 

APPOINTMENTS  OTHER  THAN  OF  PROFESSORS  AND 
ASSOCIATE  PROFESSORS 

(13)  Assistant  professors  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  three 
635     years,  and  shall  be  subject  to  reappointment  for  two  additional  terms. 

(14)  Associates  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and 
shall  be  subject  to  reappointment  for  one  additional  term ;  provided  that 
under  exceptional  circumstances  reappointment  to  this  rank  may  be 
made  for  an  indefinite  number  of  terms. 

640  (15)     Instructors  shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  one  year  or  ten 

months,  and  shall  be  subject  to  reappointment  for  three  additional  terms. 
(16)     Other  appointments  shall  be  subject  to  individual  consid- 
eration. 


RECOMMENDATIONS  AS  TO  PROCEDURE 

The  Committee  recommends  that  in  dealing  with  the  report 
the  Senate  consider  the  following  procedure: — 

(1)  That  to  facilitate  study  and  discussion  the  Report  be 
printed  in  full. 

(2)  That  a  printed  copy  be  sent  to  each  member  of  every 
faculty  and  to  each  administrative  officer  in  the  University  of 
Illinois. 

(3)  That  extra  printed  copies  .be  provided  for  general  use 
within  the  University  and  for  distribution  in  response  to  outside 
requests. 

(4)  That  the  Senate  hold  extra  stated  meetings  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  Report  and  the  consideration  of  proposed  amend- 
ments. 

(5)  That  only  such  amendments  be  discussed  or  voted  upon 
as  shall  have  been  presented  in  writing  to  the  Secretary  and  placed 
in  the  hands  of  each  member  at  least  three  days  preceding  any 
meeting. 

(6)  That  the  Senate  invite  from  all  faculties  overtures  pre- 
senting amendments  for  consideration. 

The  Committee  has  completed  its  report,  and  if  the  Senate 
is  willing  will  be  glad  to  be  relieved  of  all  further  responsibility, 
but  it  appreciates  the  desirability  of  welcoming  emendations  from 
every  quarter  and  at  the  same  time  the  necessity  of  reducing  to 
simplest  terms  the  volume  of  suggestions  which  may  come  in.  After 
careful  consideration  it  is  unable  to  recommend  that  the  proposed 
constitution  be  referred  to  each  faculty  for  working  over,  because 
primarily  of  the  complications  and  loss  of  time  which  would  be 
associated  with  the  subsequent  necessity  of  reducing  several 
separate  documents  to  a  single  form. 

The  Committee  is  further  of  the  opinion  that  the  plan  pro- 
posed of  inviting  overtures  from  each  faculty  will  reach  the  de- 
sired end  in  a  more  efficient  manner. 

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